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Rotrou III, Count of Perche
Rotrou III (bef. 1080 – (January/6 May ) 1144), called the Great (''le Grand''), was the Count of Perche and Mortagne from 1099. He was a notable Crusader and a participant in the ''Reconquista'' in eastern Spain, even ruling the city of Tudela in Navarre from 1123 to 1131. He is commonly credited with introducing Arabian horses to the Perche, giving rise to the Percheron breed.〔Bonnie L. Hendricks and Anthony A. Dent, ''International Encyclopedia of Horse Breeds'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 2007), 366.〕 By his creation of a monastery at La Trappe in memory of his wife, Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, in 1122 he also laid the foundations of the later Trappists.
==First Crusade==
Rotrou took part in the First Crusade, travelling with the army of Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy.〔For a summary of Rotrou's crusading experiences, see Jonathan Riley-Smith, ''The First Crusaders, 1095–1131'' (Cambridge, 1997), 144. The primary sources are Orderic Vitalis and William of Tyre.〕 What influenced Rotrou in this regard were probably familial connexions. He was related to the Anglo-Norman aristocracy and the Perche was a march (border region) in southern Normandy. A sister was married to Raymond of Turenne, who was a fellow Crusader in the following of Raymond IV of Toulouse. His mother, Beatrix, was a sister of Ebles II of Roucy, who had campaigned in Spain in 1073, and Felicia, who married Sancho Ramírez, King of Aragon.〔Riley-Smith, 104–105. Peter I of Aragon and Navarre, Sancho's eldest son, took the cross, although he never went to the Holy Land, see Riley-Smith, 166 n127.〕 A religious motivation cannot be discounted.
According to the ''Chanson d'Antioche'', Rotrou was under the command of Bohemond of Taranto during the Siege of Antioch, and was one of the first to go over the city's walls through scaling ladders on 3 June 1098. When the Crusaders had to confront a Seljuk relief force two weeks later in open battle, Rotrou was one of the front line commanders. He fulfilled his vow and made it all the way to Jerusalem.〔 The ''Chanson'' also mentions his bravery at the Battle of Nicaea.
In 1107, Rotrou built a castle on land held partly allodially and partly in lordship by Hugh II of Le Puiset, thus challenging Hugh's rights to the estate. Since Pope Urban II had taken Crusaders' “houses, families, and all their goods into the protection of Saint Peter and the Roman church”,〔A ruling of the First Lateran Council (1123) describing the establishment of Urban in 1095.〕 and both Hugh and Rotrou were veterans of the First Crusade, the dispute was intractable. Bishop and lawyer Ivo of Chartres could not resolve it, since it involved a judicial duel, over which the church was not allowed to preside, and so remitted it to the court of the County of Blois. There Hugh lost, but in the violence that followed his tenant, who held the land from him as a fief, was captured by Rotrou's men. The reigning pope, Paschal II, who was in Chartres in April, sent the case back to Ivo, who complained in a letter that since “this law of the Church protecting the goods of knights going to Jerusalem was new. . . they did not know whether the protection applied only to their properties or also applied to their fortifications.”〔Quoted in Riley-Smith, 136.〕 Rotrou denied that the case had anything to do with the novel canon law.
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